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Several tools are available for Macintosh System Administrators, mostly in the form of command-line shell scripts to be run from the Terminal application. Please read the comments in each script for descriptions and directions.

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Running BOINC as a daemon or system service

Make_BOINC_Service.sh is a command-line shell script to set up the BOINC Client to run as a daemon at system startup. It can be used with either full GUI installations (BOINC Manager) or the stand-alone BOINC Client. (If you don't use the boinc daemon that came with the GUI installation, you should check the /Library/LaunchDaemons/edu.berkeley.boinc file that the Make_BOINC_Service.sh script generates for double slashes (//) and remove them if necessary.)

When run as a daemon:

• The BOINC Client always runs even when no user is logged in. However, it still observes the Activity settings as set by the Manager or the boinc_cmd application (Run always, Run based on preferences, Suspend, Snooze; Network activity always available, Network activity based on preferences, Network activity suspended.)
• Quitting the BOINC Manager will not cause the Client to exit.
• Most projects have upgraded their graphics to version 6 and will display graphics properly on BOINC version 6.2 and later even when running as a daemon. However, older style (version 5) application graphics (including screen saver graphics) are not available when the Client runs as a daemon.
• The BOINC Client may not successfully detect the presence of a GPU, so BOINC Project applications may not be able to use the GPU.
• The following apply to the full GUI installation (BOINC Manager):
  • You may need BOINC version 6.2 or later to work properly as a daemon.
  • Normally, BOINC Manager starts up automatically when each user logs in. You can change this as explained below.
  • If you wish to block some users from using BOINC Manager, move it out of the /Applications directory into a directory with restricted permissions. Due to the Manager's internal permissions, you can move it but cannot copy it. See Client security and sandboxing for more information.

Disabling auto-launch of BOINC Manager

By default, BOINC Manager starts up automatically when each user logs in. You can override this behavior by removing the BOINC Manager Login Item for selected users, either via the Accounts System Preferences panel or by creating a nologinitems.txt file in the BOINC Data folder. This should be a plain text file containing a list of users to be excluded from auto-launch, one user name per line.

An easy way to create this file is to type the following in terminal, then edit the file to remove unwanted entries:

After creating this file, run the installer. The installer will delete the Login Item for each user listed in the file. Entries which are not names of actual users are ignored (e.g., Shared, Deleted Users.)

Using BOINC's security features with the stand-alone BOINC Client

Beginning with version 5.5.4, the Macintosh BOINC Manager Installer implements additional security to protect your computer data from potential theft or accidental or malicious damage by limiting BOINC projects' access to your system and data, as described in Client security and sandboxing. We recommend that stand-alone BOINC Client installations also take advantage of this protection. You can do this by running the Mac_SA_Secure.sh command-line shell script after installing the stand-alone Client, and again any time you upgrade the Client.

Although we don't recommend it, you can remove these protections by running the Mac_SA_Insecure.sh script. The fallen (itch) mac os.

Moving BOINC Manager or BOINC Data Folder to a Different Drive

It is possible to run BOINC on the Mac with the BOINC Manager application or the BOINC Data folder on a drive other than the boot drive. This is complicated a bit by the need to set up the special permissions for BOINC's sandbox security, but it can be done. These instructions are provided with no warranty; use them at your own risk.

Here are instructions for moving both the application and the data (you can move either or both):

Shortcut: instead of typing a path in the Terminal application, you can drag a folder or file from a Finder window onto the Terminal window. If you do this, omit the quotation marks around the path!

[1] Quit BOINC.

[2] If you only want to move the BOINC Manager application, skip to step [4].

Copy the BOINC Data directory from the '/Library/Application Support/' directory to the desired drive. Rename the original BOINC Data directory or move it to a different directory on your boot drive as a backup safety measure. In any case, you must now not have a '/Library/Application Support/BOINC Data' directory before the next step.

[3] Create a symbolic link to the new BOINC Data directory in place of the old one. Enter the following in the Terminal application:

Substituting your new path for {newDataPath}; for example: '/Volumes/newDrive/myData'.

[4] If you only want to move the BOINC Data, skip to step [5].

Copy BOINCManager.app from '/Applications/BOINCManager.app' to the desired drive, and move the original into the trash. (The Finder may not show the filename extension '.app').

Create a symbolic link to the new copy in place of the old one. Enter the following in the Terminal application:

Substituting your new path for {newAppPath}; for example: '/Volumes/newDrive/myApps'

[5] IMPORTANT: you must create symbolic links. Macintosh aliases created with the Finder will not work!

Run the script Mac_SA_Secure.sh to set up proper permissions at the new locations. Enter the following in the Terminal application:

where {newDataPath} is as above and {path} is the path to the Mac_SA_Secure.sh script. (As before, you can drag the Mac_SA_Secure.sh file from a Finder window onto the Terminal window instead of typing its path.)

[6] Relaunch BOINC.

IMPORTANT: Each time you run the installer, you will need to repeat this. You may also need to repeat it after upgrading to a new version of Mac OSX. The installer will replace the symbolic link to the Manager with the new Manager, and will replace the symbolic link to the BOINC Data directory with a new initialized BOINC Data directory with no projects attached. You must:

• cancel out of the 'Attach to Project' dialog
• quit BOINC
• move that new initialized BOINC Data directory to the trash
• repeat steps [2] through [4].

Note: according to this discussion, the target drive must have 'Owners Enabled' set.

For safety, always make a backup copy of your BOINC Data before performing these steps.

Selecting which users may run BOINC Manager

Due to new restrictions imposed by OS 10.6 Snow Leopard, there has been a change in BOINC's security implementation. Non-administrative users can no longer run BOINC Manager unless they are added to group boinc_master.

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As of BOINC 6.10.5, the BOINC installer asks whether or not you wish to add all non-admin users to group boinc_master. (As before, the installer automatically adds all users with administrative privileges [i.e., users who are members of group admin] to group boinc_master.)

If you need more selective control over which users should be in group boinc_master, you can use the command-line tool AddRemoveUser.

To add user1, user2 and user3 to group boinc_master, enter the following in the Terminal application:

where {path} is the path to the AddRemoveUser application.This also sets a login item for each specified user so that BOINC Manager will start automatically when that user logs in.

You can also use:

This is the same as the -a option and also sets BOINC as the screensaver for the specified users.

To remove user1, user2 and user3 from group boinc_master, enter the following in the Terminal application:

This also removes the BOINCManager login item for each specified user. If any of the specified users had BOINC set as their screensaver, it will change their screensaver to Flurry.

Installing BOINC on a Mac using the command line

In some situations, such as remote or automated installs, it is more convenient to install BOINC Manager via the command line instead of the GUI. But there is no way to respond to dialogs during a command-line install.

Apple's command-line installer sets the following environment variable:

The postinstall script, postupgrade script, and this Postinstall.app detect this environment variable and do the following:

• Redirect the Postinstall.app log output to a file /tmp/BOINCInstallLog.txt.
• Suppress the 2 dialogs (asking whether to allow non-admin users to manage BOINC and whether to use the BOINC screensaver.)
• test for the existence of a file /tmp/nonadminusersok.txt; if the file exists, allow non-administrative users to run BOINC Manager.
• test for the existence of a file /tmp/setboincsaver.txt; if the file exists, set BOINC as the screensaver for all BOINC users.

The BOINC installer package to be used for command line installs can be found embedded inside the GUI BOINC Installer application at:

Example: To install on a remote Mac from the command line, allowing non-admin users to run the BOINC Manager and setting BOINC as the screensaver:First SCP the 'BOINC.pkg' to the remote Mac's /tmp directory, then SSh into the remote Mac and enter the following:

Apple Partition Map (APM) is a partition scheme used to define the low-level organization of data on disks formatted for use with 68k and PowerPCMacintosh computers. It was introduced with the Macintosh II.^[1]

Disks using the Apple Partition Map are divided into logical blocks, with 512 bytes usually belonging to each block. The first block, Block 0, contains an Apple-specific data structure called 'Driver Descriptor Map' for the Macintosh Toolbox ROM to load driver updates and patches before loading from a MFS or HFS partition.^[2] Because APM allows 32 bits worth of logical blocks, the historical size of an APM formatted disk using small blocks^[3] is limited to 2 TiB.^[4]

The Apple Partition Map maps out all space used (including the map) and unused (free space) on disk, unlike the minimal x86 master boot record that only accounts for used non-map partitions. This means that every block on the disk (with the exception of the first block, Block 0) belongs to a partition.

Some hybrid disks contain both an ISO 9660 primary volume descriptor and an Apple Partition Map, thus allowing the disc to work on different types of computers, including Apple systems.

Intel-based Macs[edit]

For accessing volumes, both APM and GUID partitions can be used in a standard manner with Mac OS X Tiger (10.4) and higher. For starting an operating system, PowerPC-based systems can only boot from APM disks^[5] whereas Intel-based systems generally boot from GUID disks.^[1][6][7] Nevertheless, Intel-based Macs are able to boot from APM, GPT (GUID Partition Table) and MBR (Master Boot Record, using the BIOS-Emulation called EFI-CSM i.e. the Compatibility Support Module provided by EFI).

Intel-based models that came with Mac OS X Tiger (10.4) or Leopard (10.5) preinstalled had to be able to boot from both APM and GUID disks due to the installation media for these universal versions of Mac OS X, which are APM partitioned in order to remain compatible with PowerPC-based systems.^[8] However, the installation of OS X on an Intel-based Mac demands a GUID partitioned disk or will refuse to continue, the same way installation on a PowerPC-based system will demand an APM partitioned destination volume. Cloning an already installed OS X to an APM partition on Intel systems will remain bootable even on 2011 Intel-based Macs. Despite this apparent APM support, Apple never officially supported booting from an internal APM disk on an Intel-based system. The one exception for a universal version of Mac OS X (Tiger or Leopard) is an official Apple document describing how to set up a dual bootable external APM disk for use with PowerPC and Intel.^[9]

Layout[edit]

Each entry of the partition table is the size of one data block, which is normally 512 bytes.^[1][10] Each partition entry on the table is the size of one block or sector of data. Because the partition table itself is also a partition, the size of this first partition limits the number of entries to the partition table itself.

The normal case is that 64 sectors (64 × 512 = 32 KB) are used by the Apple Partition Map: one block for the Driver Descriptor Map as Block 0, one block for the partition table itself and 62 blocks for a maximum of 62 data partitions.^[11]

Each partition entry includes the starting sector and the size, but also a name, a type, a position of the data area and possible boot code. It also includes the total number of partitions in that partition table.^[12] This ensures that, after reading the first partition table entry, the firmware is aware of how many blocks more to read from the media in order to have processed every partition table entry. All entries are in big-endian byte-order.^{[citation needed]}

Partition identifiers[edit]

Types beginning with 'Apple_' are reserved for assignment by Apple, all other custom defined types are free to use. However registrationwith Apple is encouraged.

Partition status[edit]

Partition status is a bit field composed of the flags:

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See also[edit]

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• Amiga rigid disk block (RDB)
• Extended boot record (EBR)
• GUID Partition Table (GPT)
• Host protected area (HPA)
• Master boot record (MBR)

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abc'Technical Note TN2166 – Secrets of the GPT'. Apple. Retrieved 2013-02-24. …a standard block size of 512 bytes… […] Apple did consider extending APM to support larger disks. However, as such a change would break all existing partitioning tools…CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
2. ^Mac OS: Technical overview of disk volume structures
3. ^Apple Support Communities: Guid Partition or Apple Partition? (2012)
4. ^MacTech Magazine: Apple's Transition from Apple Partition Map to the GUID Partition Table by Criss Myers
5. ^Apple Mailing List: Subject: Re: Apple Partition Scheme or GUID Partition SchemeArchived 2009-04-06 at the Wayback Machine, Timothy Standing, 2006-04-30
6. ^Apple Support Communities: Create a bootable clone using Disk Utility (2014): an example of problems trying to boot on an Intel Mac using an APM partitioned drive.
7. ^Apple Support Communities: Running Mavericks + FCPX on External Boot Drive? (2014): OS X Mavericks does not boot from APM partitioned drives.
8. ^OWC: Booting your Intel Mac to an APM-formatted drive, M. Christopher Stevens
9. ^Mac OS X 10.5: Creating and maintaining a bootable 'universal' external disk
10. ^Rebe, René; Klaus, Susanne (2007). 'Creating custom Linux solutions – Apple Partition Map'. T2 System Development Environment. While the original intent was to handle various block sizes, in practice only 512 byte blocks are supported.
11. ^'Yellow Dog Solutions – Attaching Firewire Disks to a Linux Box'. Fixstars Corporation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-13. Retrieved 2013-02-24. Comment: The command pdisk -l /dev/sda shows a size of 63 blocks for the Apple_partition_map. There is a multitude of examples like this to be found on the internet.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
12. ^'IOApplePartitionScheme.h'. Apple. 2009. Retrieved 2016-08-07.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)

External links[edit]

• Mac OS: Technical overview of disk volume structures Overview of the elements of a disk volume / partition
• File System Forensic Analysis: PC-based Partitions – Apple partitions Detailed technical analysis of the structure of Apple's partition map.